Molecular basis of skeletal muscle atrophy

Skeletal muscle atrophy

@ molecular trigger & signaling molecules
1, myostatin

satellite cells surrounding isolated myofiber after 72 hr

signaling pathway

2, glucosteroid--- hydrocortisone, prednisone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone
3, TNF-x & other cytokines
4, NF-kB signalling

5, Oxidative stress
6, Upstream signal affecting protein synthesis in atrophy
7, calcineurin: Proc Nutr Soc. 2004 May;63(2):341-9. Michel RN, Dunn SE, Chin ER.
8, utrophin

@target systems
1, decreased PT synthesis
2, increased PT proteolysis

2a, calpains
2b, lysosomal p.
2c, ubiquitin-proteasome